INTRODUCTION
India has a road network of over 4,320,000 kilometres (2,680,000 mi) in 2011, the second largest road network in the world. At 0.66 km of roads per square kilometer of land, the quantitative density of India’s road network is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and far higher than that of China (0.16) or Brazil (0.20). However, qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads, and are undergoing drastic improvement. As of 2008, 49 percent - about 2.1 million kilometers - of Indian roads were paved.
Adjusted for its large population, India has less than 4 kilometers of roads per 1000 people, including all its paved and unpaved roads. In terms of quality, all season, 4 or more lane highways, India has less than 0.07 kilometers of highways per 1000 people, as of 2010. These are some of the lowest road and highway densities in the world. For context, United States has 21 kilometers of roads per 1000 people, while France about 15 kilometers per 1000 people - predominantly paved and high quality in both cases. In terms of all season, 4 or more lane highways, developed countries such as United States and France have a highway density per India in its past did not allocate enough resources to build or maintain its road network. This has changed since 1995, with major efforts currently underway to modernize the country's road infrastructure.India plans to spend approximately US$70 Billion by 2013 to modernize its highway network
Indian road network
India has a road network of over 4.32 million kilometers in 2011, the third largest road network in the world. At 0.66 km of roads per square kilometer of land the quantitative density of India’s road network is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and far higher than that of China (0.16) or Brazil (0.20). However, qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads and are under going a drastic change in recent years, for better. As of 2008, 49 percent - about 2.1 million kilometers - of Indian roads were paved.
Adjusted for its larger population, India has less than 4 kilometers of roads per 1000 people, including all its paved and unpaved roads. In terms of quality, all season, 4 or more lane highways, India has less than 0.07 kilometers of highways per 1000 people, as of 2010. These are one of the lowest road and highway densities in the world. For context, United States has 21 kilometers of roads per 1000 people, while France about 15 kilometers per 1000 people - predominantly paved and high quality in both cases. In terms of all season, 4 or more lane highways, developed countries such as United States and France have a highway density per 1000 people that is over 15 times as India.
India in its past did not allocate enough resources to build or maintain its road network. This has changed since 1995.India plans to spend approximately US$70 Billion by 2013 to modernize its highway network.
Rural and urban roads
A rural road near village in India. A majority of India's road network consisted of similar single lane, unpaved roads in 2005.Many rural areas in India are 100s of kilometers away from quality, all season highways or expressways, making it difficult for supplies and essential resources to reach villages, and the farm harvest to reach Indian consumers.
India added over 500,000 kilometers of paved single lane rural roads between 2005-2011.Here is one in rural Andhra Pradesh.
The rural road in India forms a substantial portion of the Indian road network. These roads are in poor shape, affecting the rural population's quality of life and Indian farmer's ability to transfer produce to market post-harvest. Over 30 percent of Indian farmer's harvest spoils post-harvest because of the poor infrastructure. Many rural roads are of poor quality, potholed, and unable to withstand the loads of heavy farm equipment. These roads are also far from all season, good quality 2-lane or 4-lane highways, making economic resource flow slow, and logistical costs between different parts of India one of the highest in the world
0 Comments:
Post a Comment
Thanks to Ur Support