ABSTRACT
75% of the world’s energy is consumed in cities. 40% of the world’s
energy is consumed in buildings. The most interesting potential for CO
2-reduction
in cities from an economical point of view lays in the modernization of
the building’s infrastructure. Making existing and new buildings to
Green Buildings is one of the most effective levers to meet the
challenges of CO
2 reduction in cities. The objective of the
presentation is to give a short overview of the frame conditions, the
existing labels and – most important – show success stories.
“Sustainable building” is the design and construction of buildings using
methods and materials that are resource efficient and that will not
compromise the health of the environment or the associated health and
well-being of the building’s occupants, construction workers, the
general public, or future generations. Sustainable building involves the
consideration of many issues, including land use, site impacts, indoor
environment, energy and water use, solid waste, and lifecycle impacts of
building materials.
For example, when you choose an appropriate grade of glass for the
façade — there may be a cheaper product in the market — it can help you
save on the power you need for air- conditioning. Builders are
interested in a return on investments of less than five years and if it
is an owner-occupied building they go the extra mile and are willing to
wait up to 10 years. For higher levels of conformity to green building
standards, the cost, as compared to conventional buildings, could be up
by 3-5 per cent for gold rating and 7-10 per cent for a platinum rating.
A case study of LEED-INDIA NC Ver.1.0 certified Gold Construction of
the Tamil Nadu Legislative assembly building is given to showcase the
importance and for better understanding.
Why Build Green?
Buildings account for:
39 percent of total energy uses
22 percent of the total water consumption
68 percent of total electricity consumption
38 percent of the carbon dioxide emissions
The built environment has a vast impact on the natural environment,
human health, and the economy. By adopting green building strategies, we
can maximize both economic and environmental performance. Green
construction methods can be integrated into buildings at any stage, from
design and construction, to renovation and deconstruction. However, the
most significant benefits can be obtained if the design and
construction team takes an integrated approach from the earliest stages
of a building project. Potential benefits of green building can include:
Environmental benefits
• Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems
• Improve air and water quality
• Reduce waste streams
• Conserve and restore natural resources
Economic benefits
• Reduce operating costs
• Create, expand, and shape markets for green product and services
• Improve occupant productivity
• Optimize life-cycle economic performance
Social benefits
• Enhance occupant comfort and health
• Heighten aesthetic qualities
• Minimize strain on local infrastructure
• Improve overall quality of life
Who judges them green?
There are a number of Standards based on which the green buildings have
been investigated. They include LEED, BREAM, ESTIDAMA, BCA and many. Out
of which now-a-days due to generalization, the LEED is becoming
popularized. LEED is a measurement system designed for rating new and
existing commercial, institutional and residential buildings. It is
based on accepted energy and environmental principals. The intent of the
LEED is to assist in the creation of high performance, healthful,
affordable and environmentally sound buildings. It is a performance
based system where credits are earned for satisfying the criterion.
How do they do it?
The main factors that get affected due to buildings are taken into account and studied. They include:
1. Site sustainability
2. Water efficiency
3. Energy and atmosphere
4. Material and resources
5. Indoor Environmental Quality
6. Innovation and Design
Any Classifications?
Based on the type of the building the certifications are classified under
• LEED – NC (Version 1.0 & 2.0)
• LEED INDIA NC – (Version 1.0)
• LEED – CS
• LEED – CI
• LEED – GREEN HOMES
For better understanding, a case study of LEED-INDIA NC Ver.1.0
certified Gold Construction of the Tamil Nadu Legislative assembly
building is given to showcase the importance.
CASE STUDY: TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY BUILDING
KEY PARAMETERS
| Occupancy Type |
Office of the Chief Minister of Tamilnadu and senior cabinet officials |
| Built up area |
937092.31 Sq ft. |
| Completed |
March 2010 |
| Location |
Omamdurar Government Estate, Chennai. |
| Owner |
Tamilnadu Government |
| Green consultant |
En3 Sustainability Solutions |
| Water Savings % |
52.63% |
| Rating System |
LEED India NC version 1.0 |
| Rating Achieved |
Gold |
TNLA was created with a vision to introduce a new level of
environmental consciousness throughout the entire State of Tamilnadu as
well as the country at large. Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Block A
has become the First Assembly / Senate Building in the World to be
designed and constructed as a Green Building. It has emerged as a leader
in sustainable urban development and has set the tone for future
developments in this region of the world. The Tamil Nadu Government is
firm believer in environmentally friendly practices and the Block A
building is yet another example of this belief. En3, as green and
sustainability consultants have worked closely with the Tamilnadu
Government and Public Works Department to incorporate various energy
efficient and sustainable features in the project to make it a landmark
green project in India.
SITE SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES
• Transplantation of existing trees and protection of existing site vegetation to minimize erosion during construction.
• Stacking and protection of top soil onsite reusing the same for landscaping.
• Provision of battery charging stations in an effort to promote use of alternative & low emitting vehicles.
• Car pooling spaces provided on site to promote ridesharing thereby reducing transportation pollution.
• Green roofs to add to the aesthetic elegance of the building and to minimize impact on microclimate.
• Provision of ample landscaping and plantation to promote biodiversity
& restore more than 50% of site area with native and adaptive
vegetation.
• Multilevel car parks and high reflective roofs reduce urban heat island effects.
WATER EFFICIENCY
• Water plays an integral part in the greening process. Effort has been
taken to minimize water use by installing water efficient fixtures,
effective Rainwater harvesting and sewage treatment plant (250KLD) that
treats 100% of onsite waste water.
• Low flow dual-flush toilets, sensor based urinals and other low flow
fixtures have been installed to reduce water consumption much over 52%.
• 100% of the treated water is being reused for landscaping and toilet
flushing thereby minimizing the use of potable water for all these
applications.
ENERGIZING THE BUILDING
• Several measures were taken to reduce the overall energy consumption.
The building’s shape and exterior cladding has been designed as a smooth
arc which gleams obliquelyagainst the linearity of the neighborhood as
against a standard block construction and helps reduce the direct heat
radiation on the building thereby reducing energy consumption.
• The exterior of the building is a combination of shaded windows,
energy efficient low-e glazing designs that reduces overall heat ingress
into the building and save on energy. In line with international
standards, the refrigerants used in the air conditioning system are
environmentally friendly and have very low ozone depleting and global
warming potential.
• A detailed metering system ensures adequate measurement and monitoring
of all systems in the building to continuously monitor the building
post-occupancy as well.
• A detailed energy analysis and modeling has been done to ascertain
various options for energy savings in the building with
cost-benefit/payback analysis.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
• The project has ensured up to 96.68% of total construction waste of
debris has been recycled or reused thereby diverting them from
landfills.
• The project has achieved a combined recyclable content value of 11.05%
of total material by cost thereby reducing virgin material
exploitation.
• A number of materials have been extracted and manufactured
locally/regionally thereby reducing the pollution associated with
transportation
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
• In order to support enhanced IAQ and long-term well-being of all
occupants, adequate fresh air has been planned in line with
international ASHRAE standards.
• The entire building is a non-smoking building thereby ensuring the health and safety of all its occupants.
• In addition, low emitting adhesives, sealants, paints, and composite
wood products have been used to enhance the indoor environment and
provide superior workplace for all employees.
• Adhesives, sealants, paints and coatings used in the building are low
VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints thereby having minimum organic
emissions that are harmful to humans.
• The composite wood products used have been purchased to ensure that
they do not contain urea formaldehyde that can be potentially harmful
for occupant health.
• Majority of the occupants of the building will have control over their
lighting and air conditioning set points thereby giving them the
flexibility to control their own environment
MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION – Does green building cost more?
Considerable research and analysis has been carried out with regard
to the cost impacts of a green building. The cost could be slightly
higher than a conventional building. But then, this needs to be seen
with a different paradigm. The question is how do we compare the costs?
There needs to be a baseline cost for all comparisons to be alike. The
incremental cost is always relative and depends on the extent of
eco-friendly features already considered during design. The incremental
cost would appear small if the baseline design is already at a certain
level of good eco-design; it would appear huge if the base design has
not considered green principles. The second and rather a critical
paradigm are to look at the incremental cost in relation to the life
cycle cost. This kind of an approach could be revealing. Over its life
cycle, the operating cost would work out to 80-85 % of the capital cost
while the incremental cost which is a one-time cost is only about 8-10
%. Due to substantial reductions in operational cost, the total cost of
ownership of green buildings is invariably lesser than conventional
buildings. The incremental initial cost for the first few green
buildings in India can be found in the following table.
The declining incremental cost over the years is evident.
|
Building |
Year awarded |
Built-in Area (Sqft) |
Rating Achieved |
% increase in cost |
Payback (Yrs) |
|
CII-Godrej GBC, Hyderabad |
2003 |
20,000 |
Platinum |
18 % |
7 years |
| ITC Green Centre, Gurgoan |
2004 |
1,70,000 |
Platinum |
15 % |
6 years |
| Wipro, Gurgoan |
2005 |
1,75,000 |
Platinum |
8 % |
5 years |
| Techno polis, Kolkata |
2006 |
72,000 |
Gold |
6% |
3 years |
| Spectral Services Consultants Office, Noida |
2007 |
15,000 |
Platinum |
8% |
4 years |
| HITAM, Hyderabad |
2007 |
78,000 |
Silver |
2% |
3 years |
CONCLUSION
Initiatives shall be taken to educate the staffs, building occupants,
visitors and the clients on the various sustainability measures that can
be taken to create more environmental friendly energy efficient spaces.
Housekeeping by biodegradable materials to address health, hygiene and
well being of staff make them eco-friendly. The building has been
designed by En3 to showcase various green and sustainability measures
and practices to ensure great amount of awareness is created by the
buildings to promote green awareness to all the visitors and occupants
& spearhead the green movement in the state and the country.
“Green Buildings – Cheapest Way to Slow Global Warming”
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Mr.Sandeep Singh for submitting this very useful project report on “Breaking Through The Barriers To Sustainable Building” to us. We are sure this will be helpful to all those who are looking for information on Sustainable construction.
